Tomhas
Conas a thomhaistear caitheamh fuinnimh daonna
Is éard atá i ráta meitibileach ar cheann de na rudaí is féidir a thomhais go cruinn fútsa, agus ar cheann de na rudaí is mó a dhéantar míthuiscint air.
Na ceithre chomhpháirt
| Comhpháirt | Timpeall ar | Conas atá sé éagsúil |
|---|---|---|
| Ráta meitibileach resting | 60-70% de na hionchuir iomlána | Sainmhínítear go mór é le mais neamh-ola |
| Éifeacht teirmeach na bia | ~10% de na hiontógáil | Ardaíonn sé go measartha ar aistí ardphróitéine |
| Gníomhaíocht aclaíochta | An-éagsúil | Céard a dhéanann tú go deonach |
| Gníomhaíocht neamh-aicme (NEAT) | An cárta fiáin | Athraíonn sé go mór idir dhaoine agus laistigh de dhuine |
Is é NEAT an áit a bhfuil an chuid is mó de na difríochtaí idir dhaoine ann — ag crónán, gnáthphost, gluaiseacht sponta. Is é freisin an comhpháirt a thiteann go ciúin le linn aiste bia, atá ina chuid mhór de na heispéiris a bhíonn ag daoine mar a "mhalartaíonn" a meitibileacht.
Uisce dúbailte lipéadaithe
Oibríonn an modh tagartha trí uisce a ól a bhfuil lipéid le hiontaofacht chobhsaí hidrigine agus ocsaigine air, agus ansin ag rianú a n-eisíocaíocht dhifriúil. Taispeánann an bearna eatarthu táirgeadh dé-ocsaíd charbóin, agus dá bhrí sin caitheamh fuinnimh, thar laethanta amháin go dhá sheachtain de shaol gnáth. Tá sé costasach agus níl sé in amhras.
Tugann athbhreithniú córais ar chaitheamh fuinnimh iomlán a thomhaistear ar an mbealach seo i ndaoine fásta an pictiúr reatha [2], agus tá anailísí comhoibrithe tar éis tuairimí a tháirgeadh ar an dá chaitheamh resting agus iomlán ar fud daonraí [4][5]. Taispeánann obair le páistí a bhfuil galar crónach orthu an modh céanna a úsáidtear nuair a theipeann ar na comhoibrithe tuairimíochta [1].
Uisce dúbailte lipéadaithe mar mhodh tagartha
Cén fáth a bhfuil do thráchtóir aclaíochta ag contrárthú le do aip
Tugadh bailíocht do mhodhanna measúnachta aiste bia i gcoinne uisce dúbailte lipéadaithe [3]. Is é an toradh míchompordach agus comhoibritheach: tuairiscíonn daoine go mór ar a n-iontógáil, agus tá an míthuiscint níos mó i measc daoine le meáchan níos airde. Ní héard atá i gceist le calaois deonach — tá sé deacair go deimhin measúnachtaí a dhéanamh ar phóirtíní, agus ní ghabhann aon dialann bia le hola cócaireachta go cruinn.
Ar an taobh caitheamh, rinneadh comparáid ar na comhoibrithe tuairimíochta go comhoibritheach i ndaoine sláintiúla agus i n-ardaitheoirí, agus tá treoir is fearr ann maidir le ráta meitibileach resting a thomhais go ceart. Is iad na comhoibrithe go léir na meán daonra le barraí earráide aonair de chúpla céad kilocalories.
Infhaighteacht fuinnimh, ní hamháin iontógáil
Tá coincheap ar leith tábhachtach do dhuine ar bith atá ag traenáil go dáiríre: is é infhaighteacht fuinnimh iontógáil minus caitheamh aclaíochta, i gcomparáid le mais neamh-ola. Cuireann infhaighteacht íseal go crónach cosc ar fheidhmiú fisiceach go luath sula gcumaíonn sé cosúil le galar itheach. Fuair trial randamach go raibh infhaighteacht íseal fuinneamh ag laghdú sintéis próitéin myofibrillar agus sarcoplasmic, agus tá cur chuige oideachas cothaithe curtha i dtástáil chun é a shárú.
Déantar codladh a chur i gcion ar gach seo — d'athraigh srianta codlata comhoiriúnacht meáchain caillteanas i dt trial randamach, agus d'athraigh síneadh codlata iontógáil fuinnimh a thomhaistear go hoibiachtúil [6]. Tuilleadh ar ár suíomh fianaise codlata.
An athraíonn comhoibriú aiste bia caitheamh?
Duine beag, agus tá méid an éifeacht i ndáiríre conspóideach. Scrúdaigh trial randamach suntasach caitheamh fuinnimh le linn cothabháil meáchain ar aiste bia íseal-carbaihiodráit [7] agus thuairiscigh difríocht; tá an anailís á argóint go forleathan ó shin. Is é an achoimre macánta ná go bhfuil aon éifeacht beag i gcomparáid leis an difríocht idir cad a cheapann daoine a itheann agus cad a itheann siad.
Ceisteanna coitianta
An bhfuil meitibileacht mall agam?
An fiú tástáil meitibileach ag giomnáisiam?
An n-ardóidh ithe níos minice meitibileacht?
Cén fáth a raibh mo chaillteanas meáchain ag stopadh?
Tagairtí
Gach tagairt thíos a nascann leis an taifead peer-reviewed bunaidh ar PubMed nó trí DOI. Ní rud ar bith anseo a chuireann comhairle leighis in ionad.
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Total energy expenditure measured using doubly labeled water in adults with major chronic diseases: a systematic review Purcell SA, Craven SA, Limon-Miro AT, et al. · The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2024 · Systematic review DOIPubMed 39209153Full text
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Validity of dietary assessment methods compared with doubly labeled water in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis Mehranfar S, Jalilpiran Y, Jafari A, et al. · Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2024 · Meta-analysis DOIPubMed 38783784
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Estimates of resting energy expenditure and total energy expenditure using predictive equations in adults with overweight and obesity: a systematic review with meta-analysis Macena ML, Paula DTDC, da Silva Júnior AE, et al. · Nutrition reviews · 2022 · Meta-analysis DOIPubMed 35551409
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Physical activity and incident type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies Smith AD, Crippa A, Woodcock J, et al. · Diabetologia · 2016 · Meta-analysis DOIPubMed 27747395Full text
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Best practice methods to apply to measurement of resting metabolic rate in adults: a systematic review Compher C, Frankenfield D, Keim N, et al. · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · 2006 · Systematic review DOIPubMed 16720129
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Comparison of predictive equations for resting metabolic rate in healthy nonobese and obese adults: a systematic review Frankenfield D, Roth-Yousey L, Compher C · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · 2005 · Systematic review DOIPubMed 15883556
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The effect of nutrition education sessions on energy availability, body composition, eating attitude and sports nutrition knowledge in young female endurance athletes Tektunalı Akman C, Gönen Aydın C, Ersoy G · Frontiers in public health · 2024 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 38550312Full text
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Low energy availability reduces myofibrillar and sarcoplasmic muscle protein synthesis in trained females Oxfeldt M, Phillips SM, Andersen OE, et al. · The Journal of physiology · 2023 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 37329147
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Effect of Sleep Extension on Objectively Assessed Energy Intake Among Adults With Overweight in Real-life Settings: A Randomized Clinical Trial Tasali E, Wroblewski K, Kahn E, et al. · JAMA internal medicine · 2022 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 35129580Full text
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Influence of sleep restriction on weight loss outcomes associated with caloric restriction Wang X, Sparks JR, Bowyer KP, et al. · Sleep · 2018 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 29438540Full text
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Effects of a low carbohydrate diet on energy expenditure during weight loss maintenance: randomized trial Ebbeling CB, Feldman HA, Klein GL, et al. · BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2018 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 30429127Full text
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A 2-Year Randomized Controlled Trial of Human Caloric Restriction: Feasibility and Effects on Predictors of Health Span and Longevity Ravussin E, Redman LM, Rochon J, et al. · The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2015 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 26187233Full text
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Effect of dietary protein content on weight gain, energy expenditure, and body composition during overeating: a randomized controlled trial Bray GA, Smith SR, de Jonge L, et al. · JAMA · 2012 · Randomised controlled trial DOIPubMed 22215165Full text
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Use of the doubly labeled water method for measurement of energy expenditure, total body water, water intake, and metabolizable energy intake in humans and small animals Roberts SB · Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology · 1989 · Review DOIPubMed 2692794
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Energy expenditure and obesity across the economic spectrum McGrosky A, Luke A, Arab L, et al. · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025 · Journal article DOIPubMed 40658837Full text
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Training volume and total energy expenditure of an Olympic and Ironman world champion: approaching the upper limits of human capabilities Dasa MS, Bu OA, Sandbakk Ø, et al. · Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) · 2024 · Journal article DOIPubMed 39480269
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Constrained Total Energy Expenditure and Metabolic Adaptation to Physical Activity in Adult Humans Pontzer H, Durazo-Arvizu R, Dugas LR, et al. · Current biology : CB · 2016 · Journal article DOIPubMed 26832439Full text
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