Erthygl
A yw diet carbohydrad isel yn llosgi mwy o galorïau?
Ers blynyddoedd, un o'r honiadau mwyaf poblogaidd mewn maeth yw bod deietau isel-garbohydrad yn llosgi mwy o galorïau na deietau eraill ar yr un cymeriant calorïau — "mantais fetabolaidd" a fyddai'n gwneud colli pwysau'n haws ar gymeriant union yr un fath. Mae'n honiad y gellir ei brofi, ac mae wedi'i brofi. Dyma'r hyn y mae'r rhifau'n ei ddangos mewn gwirionedd.
Yr honiad, wedi'i nodi'n fanwl gywir
Mae'r syniad yn fecanistig ac yn gredadwy ar yr wyneb: mae cymeriant carbohydrad yn codi inswlin, mae inswlin yn hyrwyddo storio braster a gall atal ocsideiddiad braster, felly dylai deiet isel-garbohydrad, isel-inswlin, mewn theori, adael mwy o egni ar gael i'w losgi yn hytrach na'i storio — hyd yn oed ar gymeriant calorïau cyfatebol. Gelwir hyn weithiau yn fodel carbohydrad-inswlin o ordewdra. Mae'n hypothesis gwirioneddol â chredadwyedd biolegol gwirioneddol, sef yn union pam roedd yn haeddu prawf uniongyrchol yn hytrach na lle parhaol mewn llên gwerin deiet.
Beth ganfu'r treialon rheoledig
Edrychodd meta-ddadansoddiad a ailddadansoddodd 29 o dreialon bwydo rheoledig yn benodol ar a yw deietau isel-garbohydrad yn cynyddu cyfanswm gwariant egni o'i gymharu â deietau uwch-garbohydrad ar galorïau cyfatebol [8]. Dyma'r math cywir o dystiolaeth ar gyfer y cwestiwn hwn: mae bwydo rheoledig yn dileu'r gwall adrodd sy'n poeni astudiaethau deiet pobl sy'n byw'n rhydd, ac mae cyfatebu calorïau'n ynysu cyfansoddiad oddi wrth ostyngiad calorïau syml — mae'r ddau fel arall bron yn amhosibl eu gwahanu, problem y mae tudalen gwariant egni y wefan hon yn ei thrafod yng nghyd-destun olrhain dietegol yn gyffredinol.
Archwiliodd treial ar hap ar wahân wariant egni yn benodol yn ystod cynnal colli pwysau ar ddeiet isel-garbohydrad, yn hytrach nag yn ystod colli gweithredol [16]. Cynnal yw'r prawf anos a mwy perthnasol, gan mai dyma'n union y cyfnod pan fo thermogenesis addasol — y gostyngiad mewn gwariant egni sy'n dilyn colli pwysau, a drafodir ar dudalen addasiad metabolaidd y wefan hon — ar ei fwyaf pellgyrhaeddol.
Edrychodd trydedd astudiaeth ar wariant egni gorffwys yn dilyn colli pwysau gweithredol ar draws cyfansoddiadau macrofaethol gwahanol yn uniongyrchol [3].
Darllen y treialon yn onest
| Astudiaeth | Beth mae'n ei ynysu mewn gwirionedd | Beth nad yw'n ei ddangos |
|---|---|---|
| Ailddadansoddiad 29-treial o fwydo rheoledig [8] | A yw cynnwys carbohydrad ei hun, ar galorïau cyfatebol, yn newid cyfanswm gwariant egni | A yw unrhyw effaith a ganfuwyd yn ddigon mawr i fod yn bwysig i golli pwysau byd go iawn |
| Treial cynnal isel-garbohydrad [16] | Gwariant egni yn benodol yn ystod y cyfnod cynnal, nid colli gweithredol | Gwydnwch hirdymor y tu hwnt i ffenestr ddilyn-i-fyny'r treial ei hun |
| Cyfansoddiad macrofaethol a gwariant gorffwys ar ôl colli [3] | Gwariant gorffwys yn benodol, nid cyfanswm gwariant dyddiol, sydd hefyd yn cynnwys gweithgarwch | Glynu pobl sy'n byw'n rhydd, sy'n ffactor benderfynu ar wahân ac yn aml yn fwy o ran canlyniad |
Y patrwm ar draws y corff gwaith hwn yw bod effaith mantais fetabolaidd, os yw'n bodoli o gwbl o dan amodau a reolir yn dynn, yn fach o'i chymharu â'r effaith o fwyta llai yn syml — ac nid yw effeithiau bach a fesurwyd o dan amodau bwydo labordy'n trosi'n ddibynadwy i fantais ystyrlon byd go iawn unwaith y bydd pobl yn bwydo eu hunain. Nid yw hynny'n golygu bod carbohydrad ac inswlin yn amherthnasol i reoli pwysau; mae'n golygu nad yw'r honiad penodol bod cyfyngu carbohydrad yn codi'r calorïau a losgir yn ystyrlon, yn annibynnol ar yr hyn a fwyteir, wedi'i gefnogi'n dda gan y cynllun treial cryfaf sydd ar gael.
Lle mae'r stori inswlin yn dal i fod yn bwysig
Nid yw hyn yn setlo a yw ymwrthedd inswlin yn effeithio ar reoli pwysau yn ehangach — mae hwnnw'n gwestiwn ar wahân a mwy cymhleth, a drafodir ar dudalen ymwrthedd inswlin y wefan hon. Mae'n setlo honiad culach, penodol: bod torri carbohydrad ar galorïau cyfatebol yn cynyddu nifer y calorïau y mae eich corff yn eu llosgi'n ddibynadwy. Mae'r dystiolaeth treial ar gyfer yr honiad penodol hwnnw'n wan. Gall deiet isel-garbohydrad fod yn ffordd effeithiol o hyd o golli pwysau i lawer o bobl — fel arfer drwy ei gwneud yn haws bwyta llai yn gyffredinol, nid drwy ryddhau llosgi calorïau ychwanegol.
Cwestiynau cyffredin
Felly a yw torri carbohydradau ar yr un lefel galorïau'n eich helpu i golli mwy o bwysau?
Pam mae pobl yn teimlo bod deietau isel-garbohydrad "jyst yn gweithio" iddyn nhw?
A yw model carbohydrad-inswlin ordewdra'n anghywir?
A yw hyn yn berthnasol yn ystod colli pwysau gweithredol a chynnal fel ei gilydd?
Darllen cysylltiedig
- A yw dieta'n niweidio'ch metaboledd?
- Ymwrthedd inswlin, yn fecanyddol
- A yw torri carbohydradau'n codi eich cyfradd fetabolig?
Cyfeiriadau
Mae pob dyfyniad isod yn cysylltu â'r cofrestr adolygedig cyfoes gwreiddiol ar PubMed neu trwy DOI. Nid yw dim yma yn gymhwysedd ar gyfer cyngor meddygol.
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